PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.